Cannabigerol or CBG: What is it and what are its effects? Published on March 16, 2023 by Masha Burelo Index Toggle What is CBG?When was CBG discovered?Where is the CBG located?Differences between CBG, CBD and THCWhat is CBG used for? Medicinal propertiesCBG and the endocannabinoid systemProperties and effects of CBGPotential benefits and therapeutic applications of CBGUses of CBG in cosmeticsHow to consume CBG?CBG oilCBG dosageDoes CBG test positive in a drug test?CBG-rich varietiesSide effects of CBGLegal status and regulation of CBGConclusion Cannabis has been the subject of intense scientific research in search of therapeutic compounds. One of these compounds is cannabigerol (CBG), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid with potential therapeutic benefits. In this post, we will delve into the origins, properties, effects, benefits and legal status of CBG. What is CBG? Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid present in the cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa), which is found in smaller quantities than the two best known cannabinoids: cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Over the last few years, interest in CBG has increased due to the discovery of its potential benefits, which has driven the development of cannabis strains with higher concentrations of this cannabinoid, and the emergence of CBG-rich products. When was CBG discovered? The discovery of CBG dates back to 1964, with a formal identification by Mechoulam and Gaoni, marking the beginning of scientific interest in this cannabinoid and its possible applications. Where is the CBG located? CBG is found in the trichomes of the cannabis plant, especially in young flowers. As the plant matures, CBGA (CBG precursor), is converted to other cannabinoids such as THC, CBD and CBC, resulting in typically low concentrations of CBG in mature plants (4). Breeders have developed cannabis strains with higher concentrations of CBG. In Cannactiva, you will find the variety Suave G (Lemon Sorbet), which in addition to a high content in CBD, also presents a higher content in CBG. Differences between CBG, CBD and THC Cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are cannabis compounds that share certain structural similarities. Thus, structural similarities and therapeutic potential are found between CBG, CBD and THC (5), although they also have important differences. CBG can act on CB1 and CB2 receptors, like THC, but unlike THC, it does not induce a psychoactive effect, i.e. it does not produce a “high”. In addition, CBG can activate inflammation-related receptors, providing an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of CBD. Chemical structure of cannabigerol (CBG), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid present in the cannabis plant. The CBG molecule is characterized by its benzene nucleus with two hydroxyl groups (-OH) at positions 1 and 3, a pentyl group (C5H11) at position 5 and a 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl side chain at position 2. Unlike cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBG maintains a linear structure in its side chain and lacks additional cycles. THC contains an additional cycle in its structure and CBD has a chain with an oxygen group in the form of an ether. These structural differences are fundamental to the distinct properties and biological effects of each cannabinoid. What is CBG used for? Medicinal properties CBG and the endocannabinoid system Like other cannabinoids, CBG interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which can modify, modulate or change various physiological processes. CBG acts on different targets of this endocannabinoid system, such as CB1 and CB2 receptors. But also on TRPV1 and PPAR receptors (5), which are linked to inflammation. The endocannabinoid system is found in various body systems and is involved in a wide variety of functions. Properties and effects of CBG It has been suggested that CBG has a wide range of potential therapeutic properties. Its effects could include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, appetite regulation, and neuroprotective activity (2), making CBG a promising candidate for a variety of medical conditions. Potential benefits and therapeutic applications of CBG Research in cells (in vitro) and in animal models has shown that the effects of CBG on different cellular targets may be promising for the treatment of various conditions. These include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (6), neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis (7), and certain types of cancer such as breast cancer (8, 9, 10). In addition, CBG may help alleviate symptoms associated with mood disorders (11), stimulate appetite (12), and treat skin conditions such as psoriasis (18). Uses of CBG in cosmetics CBG is being integrated into cosmetic products due to its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant properties, which could be suitable for acne, to reduce skin inflammation and protect against premature aging. How to consume CBG? CBG oil CBG is found in full-spectrum CBD oil, usually in small amounts. In addition, it is also available in various forms, including oils, capsules, tinctures, hemp flowers, vaporizers and topical products, depending on individual preferences. CBG dosage The effects may vary depending on the method of consumption used. The quickest method to obtain a response is by smoking or vaporizing CBG-rich flowers. By this method, CBG concentrations have been found in the blood after 7 minutes of smoking CBG-rich hemp (2). To date, there is no standard dose of CBG for use in humans. The first clinical study with CBG started in 2023 and results on the effectiveness of the concentrations used have not yet been reported. The recommendation is to start with low doses and gradually increase them, always under medical supervision to monitor possible side reactions or adverse effects. Does CBG test positive in a drug test? CBG does not test positive in a doping test. However, the presence of CBG is linked to THC according to some studies (2). Therefore, if CBG-rich cannabis oils are consumed, it is possible that they contain traces of THC, which could potentially cause a positive result in a drug test. To minimize risk, it is recommended to choose CBG products that have been third-party tested to ensure that they contain negligible levels of THC. CBG-rich varieties SUAVE G (Lemon Sorbet) CBD Flowers Select Side effects of CBG Just as there is no standard dosage of CBG for therapeutic purposes, its side effects have not been described in detail. It is believed to be well tolerated, but like many other non-psychoactive cannabinoids, such as CBD, it may cause drowsiness, dry mouth and gastrointestinal discomfort. It is important to be cautious if consuming CBG while under medical treatment, as possible drug interactions are not yet known. Legal status and regulation of CBG The legal status of CBG varies by country and jurisdiction. In many parts of the world, CBG extracted from hemp is legal, as long as these products are within the legal THC limit. These regulations can change, so it is essential to stay informed about local laws regarding cannabinoids such as CBG. Conclusion Cannabigerol (CBG) has a promising profile and has inspired ongoing research through various clinical studies. Although potential cellular targets of CBG have been identified, its effectiveness and safety for therapeutic use in humans has yet to be proven. We will undoubtedly have more information on the use of CBG and its therapeutic benefits in the coming years. Note: This is an informational article and is not intended to prevent, diagnose or treat any disease. Its content can complement, but should never replace, the diagnosis or treatment of any disease or symptom. Cannactiva products are not medicines and are intended for external use. There may be new relevant scientific evidence since the date of publication. Consult with your physician before using CBD. The therapeutic approach must always be personalized and will depend on the professional assessment. Bubble Hash 45% CBD Select NINJA FRUIT (Strawberry Kush x Watermelon) CBD Flowers Select CANDY KRUSH (Zkittlez) CBD Flowers Select References Taura, F., Tanaka, S., Taguchi, C., Fukamizu, T., Tanaka, H., Shoyama, Y., & Morimoto, S. (2009). Characterization of olivetol synthase, a polyketide synthase putatively involved in cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway. FEBS letters, 583(12), 2061-2066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2009.05.024 Jastrząb, A., Jarocka-Karpowicz, I., & Skrzydlewska, E. (2022). The Origin and Biomedical Relevance of Cannabigerol. International journal of molecular sciences, 23(14), 7929. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147929 Berstein N., Gorelick J., Koch S. Interplay between chemistry and morphology in medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.). Ind. Crops Prod. 2019;129:185-194. https://10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.11.039 Deiana S. Chapter 99-Potential Medical Uses of Cannabigerol: A Brief Overview. In: Preedy V.R., editor. Handbook of Cannabis and Related Pathologies. Academic Press; San Diego, CA, USA: 2017. pp. 958-967 Nachnani, R., Raup-Konsavage, W. M., & Vrana, K. E. (2021). The Pharmacological Case for Cannabigerol. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 376(2), 204-212. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.120.000340 De Petrocellis, L., Orlando, P., Moriello, A. S., Aviello, G., Stott, C., Izzo, A. A., & Di Marzo, V. (2012). Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation. Acta physiologica (Oxford, England), 204(2), 255-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02338.x Granja, A. G., Carrillo-Salinas, F., Pagani, A., Gómez-Cañas, M., Negri, R., Navarrete, C., Mecha, M., Mestre, L., Fiebich, B. L., Cantarero, I., Calzado, M. A., Bellido, M. L., Fernandez-Ruiz, J., Appendino, G., Guaza, C., & Muñoz, E. (2012). A cannabigerol quinone alleviates neuroinflammation in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis. Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 7(4), 1002-1016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-012-9399-3 Guzman M. (2003). Cannabinoids: potential anticancer agents. Nature reviews. Cancer, 3(10), 745-755. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1188 Ligresti, A., Moriello, A. S., Starowicz, K., Matias, I., Pisanti, S., De Petrocellis, L., Laezza, C., Portella, G., Bifulco, M., & Di Marzo, V. (2006). Antitumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 318(3), 1375-1387. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.106.105247 De Petrocellis, L., Ligresti, A., Moriello, A. S., Allarà, M., Bisogno, T., Petrosino, S., Stott, C. G., & Di Marzo, V. (2011). Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes. British journal of pharmacology, 163(7), 1479-1494. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01166.x O’Brien, L. D., Wills, K. L., Segsworth, B., Dashney, B., Rock, E. M., Limebeer, C. L., & Parker, L. A. (2013). Effect of chronic exposure to rimonabant and phytocannabinoids on anxiety-like behavior and saccharin palatability. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 103(3), 597-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2012.10.008 Brierley, D. I., Samuels, J., Duncan, M., Whalley, B. J., & Williams, C. M. (2016). Cannabigerol is a novel, well-tolerated appetite stimulant in pre-satiated rats. Psychopharmacology, 233(19-20), 3603-3613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4397-4 Wilkinson, J. D., & Williamson, E. M. (2007). Cannabinoids inhibit human keratinocyte proliferation through a non-CB1/CB2 mechanism and have a potential therapeutic value in the treatment of psoriasis. Journal of dermatological science, 45(2), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.10.009 Gaoni Y, Mechoulam R. Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish. J Am Chem Soc. 1964;86(8):1646-1647. doi:10.1021/ja01062a046. PMID: 14149668 Masha BureloInvestigadora en cannabinoides | Doctoranda en Neurociencia Masha Burelo es Maestra en Ciencias Farmacéuticas e investigadora en neurociencias. Actualmente está realizando su Doctorado en Neurociencia en la Universidad de Aberdeen, [...]
